Wednesday, February 24, 2010

Telkari Filigree Filigrane Filigrana Filigranarbeit

Telkari'nin hep Türkiye'de Mardin, Beypazarı ve Karadenizli bir zanaat olduğunu söyleriz. Ama telkari sadece Türkiye'de yok; hatta çok eski bir zanaat olan telkariye dair eserlere pek çok toplumda görmek mümkün. Burada wikipedia'dan alıntı yaparak, telkarinin diğer medeniyet ve ülkelerdeki yapılışlarını ve kullanımlarını anlatacağım.

Altın veya gümüş tellerin karılmasından ortaya çıkan telkari dantele benzer ve Hint, Asya metal işçiliğinde ve Fransızlar açısından 1660'dan 19. yüzyılın sonuna kadarki döneme dek önemli bir yer teşkil eder.

Mısırlılar döneminde telden yapılan takılar hakimdi, ancak bunlardan tam olarak telkari olarak bahsetmek doğru sayılmaz. Kıbrıs ve Sardunya adası gibi site devletlerinde altın tellerden takılar yapmak yaygındı. Fenike, Yunan ve Etrüskler döneminde, yani milattan önce altıncı ve üçüncü yüzyıllar arası telkarinin çok ince örneklerini görmek mümkündü. Benzer dönemlerde İtalya'da yapılmış telkari örnekleri Louvre ve British Museum'da bulunmaktadır.

Asya'da ise Hindistan, telkari dendiğinde büyük önem taşır. Kalküta, telkari zanaatıyla tanınmaktadır ve bu tarza da Calcutti Work, yani Kalküti İşi ismi verilmektedir.

6.-12. yüzyıllar arası dönemin Konstatinopl'u yani İstanbul'da yapılan işler Avrupa'daki manastırlara gönderilmekteydi. Bizans işi telkarilerde çoğu zaman taşlar ve düğümler de bulunurdu. Bu tarz işlere Victoria and Albert ve British Museum'da rastlayabilirsiniz.

Saksonlar, Britonlar, Keltler, İrlandalılar da bu sanata yatkınlık duydular. Orta çağda İspanya'daki Mağripliler gümüş işi telkari yaparak bu sanatı Avrupa'nın güneyinde yaydılar ve bu bölgede telkarinin meşhur olmasını sağladılar. Zira İtalya, Portekiz, Malta, Makedonya, Arnavutluk ve Yunanistan'ın pek çok yerinde telkari yapılıyor; hatta Malta işi telkari dünya çapında tanınırlık kazanmış.

Aşağıda farklı yörelerin telkari işlerinden örnekleri görebilirsiniz:


Louvre'da bulunan karaf kapağı altın telkari, İtalyan işi (11. yüzyıl)










Fenike işi telkari










Hint işi telkari sandık

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